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Emergent Transfer of a Physics Foundation Model from Simulation to Laboratory Turbulence

Jun 03, 2026

Can a physics foundation model finetuned only on idealized simulation transfer to real laboratory experiments it was never trained on? We test this on Rayleigh-Taylor instability, where simulation and experiment have disagreed on the mixing growth rate for decades, and show that Walrus crosses the divide zero-shot, entering the experimentally observed growth band and shedding independent light on a longstanding debate.
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Universal Spectral Tokenization

Oct 21, 2025

A universal tokenizer for spectra that directly ingests native wavelength grids without resampling, enabling seamless integration across astronomical surveys.
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How Do Transformers Count in Context?

May 30, 2024

We introduce the Contextual Counting task, a new toy problem aimed at exploring interpretability of Transformer models in quantitative domains. We compare the performance of causal and non-causal models with different position codes and find causal models with RoPE and NoPE significantly outperform other configurations. We provide detailed explanation of how the circuits function and what makes them succeed or fail in generalization to out-of-distribution samples.
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xVal: A continuous number encoding for LLMs

Oct 09, 2023

We introduce xVal, a new number encoding scheme for LLMs. Using xVal with a modified number inference method makes LLMs continuous function approximators. This makes them have a better inductive bias for data analysis in scientific domains.